Researchers discover the possibility for sensory feedback using peripheral nervous system (PNS) for upper-limb amputees. (Clippinger et al.)

University of Utah Department of Bioengineering creates first LIFE (longitudinal intrafascicular electrode).
(Malagodi, Horch, Schoenberg)

Department of Bioengineering at the University of Utah creates Utah Array Electrode. (Nordhausen, Rousche & Normann)

Photo courtesy of the Scientific Computing and Imaging (SCI) Institute, University of Utah.

University of Utah and University of Alberta develop Utah Slanted Electrode Array (USEA) to be implanted into peripheral nerves. (Branner, Stein & Normann)

Photo courtesy of the Scientific Computing and Imaging (SCI) Institute, University of Utah.

Researchers show that peripheral nerves retain sensory and motor function and demonstrate first bi-directional control of a prosthetic hand. (Dillon & Horch; Dillon et al.)

Photo courtesy of DARPA.

DARPA launches Revolutionizing Prosthetics program.
Two teams were funded: DEKA Research and Development Corporation & The Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Lab (APL).

Johns Hopkins develops Virtual Integration Environment - a complete limb simulation system supporting neural integration.

Photo courtesy of Johns Hopkins APL website.

After 2 years of research DEKA builds and performs initial testing of Gen 1 and Gen 2 DEKA Arm. (Resnik et al., 2013)

Photo courtesy of Resnik et al., 2013.

Transverse, Intrafascicular Multichannel Electrode (TIME) is funded by European Commission’s Seventh Framework Programme.

The neural-enabled prosthetic hand (NEPH) system is developed at Florida International University.

Johns Hopkins completes version 1 of the Modular Prosthetic Limb (MPL v1.0).

Photo courtesy of Johns Hopkins APL website.

DARPA launches RE-NET (reliable neural-interface technology) addressing the need for high-performance neural interfaces to control advanced prosthetic limbs.

DEKA Arm receives FDA clearance.

DARPA launches HAPTIX (hand proprioception and touch interfaces) program creating new technologies to interface permanently and continuously with the peripheral nerves.

Photo courtesy of DARPA.

First published use of USEAs in human nerve after amputation.
(Clark et al.)

Dustin Tyler and team at Case Western University demonstrate sensory feedback for human subjects with multiple modes of sensation at multiple points on the hand using peripheral nerve cuff electrodes.
(Tan et al.)

Photo by: Russell Lee.

DARPA HAPTIX program partners with Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Draper Laboratory, Nerves Incorporated, Ripple LLC, University of Pittsburgh, University of Utah and University of Florida.

Photo from: Center of Neural Interfaces Website.

FDA grants an investigational device exemption for the first-in-human trial of the NEPH system at Florida International University.

Mobius Bionics launches in order to bring the LUKE Arm (formerly known as DEKA Arm) to market.

First two LUKE Arms prescribed for veterans.

Researchers restore multi-degree-of-freedom control of virtual prosthetic hand movement and restoration of sensory precepts.
(Wendelken et al.)

Photo courtesy of DARPA.

Gregory Clark, Jacob A. George, David Page and team at the University of Utah demonstrate first incorporation of sensory feedback via USEA stimulation triggered by LUKE arm sensors, enhancing prothesis embodiment and reducing phantom pain. (Page & George, et al.)

Photo credit: Dan Hixson/University of Utah College of Engineering.

Teams led by Gregory Clark at the University of Utah and Bensmaia Lab at the University of Chicago demonstrate that making nerve activation patterns more biologically realistic improves haptic discrimination and dexterous use of the LUKE arm. (George et al.)

First at-home use of the multi-articulate prosthesis with the USEA and intramuscular EMG recordings. (George, Davis, Brinton & Clark)

Photo courtesy of University of Utah.

Neurorobotics Lab at The University of Utah opens.

Photo from: NeuroRobotics Lab website.

Biologic Input Output Systems incorporates and licenses IP technology.

BIOS Chief Scientist Jake George, Ph.D., explains the closed-loop system for motor control and sensory feedback (3:13). Jake references BIOS as the startup company (7:44), that has licensed the system technology. Click here for full video.

Photo from: UU Health Youtube video.